Photo: Lerdsuwa (CC BY-SA 3.0) — via Wikimedia Commons
Polka-dot Loach (Botia kubotai)
A boldly spotted, sociable loach from Myanmar that keeps busy on the substrate and doubles as a natural snail patrol.
Will it live with a Polka-dot Loach?
We compare each fish against your polka-dot loach on temperament, size, water parameters and swimming zone. Set your tank size and filter the results.
- Banjo Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 15 cm · Medium care · 20–26 °C (68–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Bearded Corydoras✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 10 cm · Medium care · 18–24 °C (64–75 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–24 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Bearded Corydoras in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Black Kuhli Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 8 cm · Easy care · 23–28 °C (73–82 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–28 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Bolivian Ram✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 8 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Bristlenose Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Easy care · 23–30 °C (73–86 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–28 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Burmese Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 9 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Clown Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 9 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Giant Glass Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 15 cm · Medium care · 22–27 °C (72–81 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–27 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Giant Kuhli Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Easy care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Kuhli Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 10 cm · Easy care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Leopard Frog Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 9 cm · Medium care · 25–30 °C (77–86 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Marbled Hoplo✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 14 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Medusa Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 26–30 °C (79–86 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 26–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Moonlight Gourami✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 15 cm · Easy care · 25–30 °C (77–86 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Pantanal Corydoras✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 8 cm · Medium care · 22–27 °C (72–81 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Pantanal Corydoras in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Peppered Corydoras✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 7 cm · Easy care · 18–26 °C (64–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–26 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Peppered Corydoras in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Porthole Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 10 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–28 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Rubber Lip Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Easy care · 20–26 °C (68–79 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–26 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Spotted Rubbernose Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 20–26 °C (68–79 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–26 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Spotted Talking Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 15 cm · Easy care · 22–26 °C (72–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–26 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Striped Eel Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Upside-down Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 10 cm · Easy care · 22–26 °C (72–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–26 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Zebra Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 9 cm · Medium care · 23–26 °C (73–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–26 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Zebra Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 10 cm · Hard care · 26–30 °C (79–86 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 26–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Angelfish⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 15 cm · Medium care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Banded Gourami⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 12 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Blue Flash Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 15 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Polka-dot Loach and Blue Flash Cichlid can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~210 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Blue Gourami⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 13 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Calvus Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 14 cm · Medium care · 24–27 °C (75–81 °F)
- Different pH ranges (6.5–7.5 vs 7.8–9); doable if you sit in the shared band, but not ideal long-term.
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Clown Barb⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 15 cm · Medium care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~132 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Clown Barb in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Cupid Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 12 cm · Medium care · 24–29 °C (75–84 °F)
- Polka-dot Loach and Cupid Cichlid can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Denison Barb⚠️ With cautionPeaceful · 15 cm · Medium care · 18–25 °C (64–77 °F)
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~200 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Denison Barb in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Giant Betta⚠️ With cautionPeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Polka-dot Loach and Giant Betta are close in size, but the semi-aggressive one tends to dominate — add giant betta in a group to spread the pressure.
- Mascara Barb⚠️ With cautionPeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 20–25 °C (68–77 °F)
- Polka-dot Loach and Mascara Barb are close in size, but the semi-aggressive one tends to dominate — add mascara barb in a group to spread the pressure.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~200 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Mascara Barb in a shoal of 8+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Pearl Gourami⚠️ With cautionPeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Expect Polka-dot Loach to harass Pearl Gourami at times; give dense cover and watch them at feeding.
- Pictus Catfish⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 12 cm · Medium care · 22–27 °C (72–81 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~210 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Powder Blue Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 12 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~170 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Powder Blue Cichlid in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Rainbow Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 14 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~130 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Swordtail⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 14 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- T-bar Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 12 cm · Medium care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Alligator Gar⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 250 cm · Hard care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Two assertive fish, one genuinely aggressive: Polka-dot Loach and Alligator Gar will hold territory and clash.
- Polka-dot Loach is bite-sized to a 250 cm predatory alligator gar — it will be eaten.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~3785 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Clown Knifefish⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 90 cm · Hard care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Polka-dot Loach and Clown Knifefish are both territorial and at least one is outright aggressive — expect serious fighting.
- Polka-dot Loach is bite-sized to a 90 cm predatory clown knifefish — it will be eaten.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~750 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Fire Eel⛔ Not recommendedSemi-aggressive · 100 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Size gap is too large (100 vs 13 cm): Fire Eel will treat Polka-dot Loach as food.
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~380 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Koi⛔ Not recommendedPeaceful · 90 cm · Medium care · 4–28 °C (39–82 °F)
- Koi (90 cm) is big enough to swallow the 13 cm Polka-dot Loach whole.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~3800 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Redtail Catfish⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 120 cm · Hard care · 24–27 °C (75–81 °F)
- Two assertive fish, one genuinely aggressive: Polka-dot Loach and Redtail Catfish will hold territory and clash.
- Polka-dot Loach is bite-sized to a 120 cm predatory redtail catfish — it will be eaten.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~5700 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Spotted Gar⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 90 cm · Hard care · 18–26 °C (64–79 °F)
- Two assertive fish, one genuinely aggressive: Polka-dot Loach and Spotted Gar will hold territory and clash.
- Polka-dot Loach is bite-sized to a 90 cm predatory spotted gar — it will be eaten.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~600 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Wels Catfish⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 300 cm · Hard care · 15–25 °C (59–77 °F)
- Two assertive fish, one genuinely aggressive: Polka-dot Loach and Wels Catfish will hold territory and clash.
- Size gap is too large (300 vs 13 cm): Wels Catfish will treat Polka-dot Loach as food.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~20000 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Wolf Cichlid⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 72 cm · Hard care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Polka-dot Loach and Wolf Cichlid are both territorial and at least one is outright aggressive — expect serious fighting.
- Size gap is too large (72 vs 13 cm): Wolf Cichlid will treat Polka-dot Loach as food.
- Your 120 L tank is below the ~760 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
Compatibility is computed from each species' care data — a strong starting point, not a guarantee. Individual temperament varies, so always introduce new fish slowly and watch them.
Polka-dot Loach care specs
- Care level
- Medium
- Breeding
- Very Hard
- Max size
- 13 cm (5.1 in)
- Min tank size
- 120 L (31.7 gal)
- Temperature
- 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- pH
- 6.5–7.5
- Hardness
- 3–12 dGH
- Lifespan
- 8–12 years
- Diet
- Omnivore
- Swim level
- Bottom
- Group size
- 5+ (shoaling)
- Family
- Botiidae
- Origin
- Myanmar — Salween river basin near the Thai border
What is a Polka-dot Loach?
The polka-dot loach (Botia kubotai), also sold as the Burmese Border Loach or Kubotai Loach, is a striking bottom-dweller that earns its name from the bold black spots and reticulated markings scattered across a pale yellow-cream body. Described scientifically only in 2004, adults reach around 13 cm (5 in) — medium-sized by Botiidae standards. Unlike strictly nocturnal loaches, a comfortable, well-fed group forages and chases one another through caves during daylight, even engaging in the rapid side-by-side shimmying that is their species-specific “play.” They reward patient keepers with personalities that deepen as the group matures over their 8–12 year lifespan.
Where does the Polka-dot Loach come from — and what is its natural habitat?
Botia kubotai originates from the Salween river basin in eastern Myanmar, near the Thai border — clear, fast-flowing rivers that tumble through hilly terrain. The water is warm (24–28 °C / 75–82 °F), moderately soft, and slightly acidic to neutral, fed by seasonal monsoon rains that raise water levels and trigger spawning. The riverbed is smooth rock and coarse sand scoured by current, with little fine silt — exactly the environment the loach’s sensitive barbels are designed to probe. Recreating that in the aquarium — strong filtration, moderate flow, smooth sand, and stable chemistry — is the foundation of good husbandry.
What tank size and setup does the Polka-dot Loach need?
A group of five polka-dot loaches needs a minimum of 120 litres (32 gallons), and a longer footprint is preferable to a tall one — these fish live and forage at the bottom and benefit from horizontal swimming space. For a group of six or more, 160–200 litres (42–53 gallons) is a more comfortable target.
Substrate should be smooth sand or very fine, rounded gravel. Coarse or sharp substrate damages the delicate barbels used for foraging; barbel erosion is one of the most common and preventable problems in loach keeping. Over sand, the loaches will sift and flick substrate habitually, which is entirely normal.
Furnish the tank with smooth rocks, driftwood, and cave-like structures — terracotta tubes, commercial loach hides, or stacked slate. The fish use these to rest and to define spatial territories within the group. Dense planting is beneficial but not essential; plants with robust roots fare better than delicate stems the loaches will uproot while digging. Filtration should produce moderate current; a canister filter with an adjustable spray bar works well. The species is sensitive to dissolved waste, so 25–30% weekly water changes are recommended. A tight-fitting lid is essential — polka-dot loaches are capable jumpers.
What water parameters does the Polka-dot Loach need?
- Temperature: 24–28 °C (75–82 °F). A reliable heater and thermometer are non-negotiable.
- pH: 6.5–7.5. Slightly acidic to neutral suits them well; avoid hard alkaline water.
- Hardness: 3–12 dGH. Moderately soft to moderate is the comfortable range.
- Ammonia / Nitrite: Zero at all times. Loaches are sensitive to dissolved waste and will show stress — hiding, erratic swimming, or loss of appetite — before water tests look obviously alarming.
Stability is more important than hitting precise midpoints. A cycled, consistently maintained tank at pH 7.0 and 10 dGH will produce healthier fish than a tank swinging between extremes. Do not skip the nitrogen cycle before introducing a group; these fish push bioload more than their size suggests when kept in the recommended numbers.
What do Polka-dot Loaches eat?
Polka-dot loaches are omnivores with a strong carnivorous lean. In the aquarium they will accept a wide variety:
- Sinking pellets and wafers — quality loach or catfish sinking pellets form a practical staple.
- Frozen and live foods — bloodworms, tubifex, daphnia, and brine shrimp are eagerly taken and support condition and colour.
- Snails — they will actively hunt any small snail in the tank; this is a feature for pest-snail control but a hazard for valued snail species.
- Algae wafers and blanched vegetables — spirulina wafers and zucchini rounds out the diet; they will accept these opportunistically.
Feed once or twice daily, using sinking foods delivered after lights dim if other tank-mates compete aggressively at the surface. Remove uneaten food within a few hours to protect water quality.
Are Polka-dot Loaches aggressive — and what fish can live with them?
The polka-dot loach’s “semi-aggressive” temperament refers mostly to intraspecific behaviour: within the group, individuals establish a hierarchy through chasing, shimmying, and occasional mouth-wrestling. This is normal social interaction, most disruptive when the group is too small. Five or more individuals distribute the social pressure across the shoal; pairs or trios typically produce one bullied fish.
Towards most other community fish they are peaceful, though they may harass slow, long-finned species or bottom-dwellers sharing their zone. Good companions include medium-to-large schooling fish (barbs, danios, larger tetras), similarly sized peaceful cichlids, and robust catfish. Avoid tiny nano fish. Snails and most shrimp will be treated as food.
For a full compatibility guide, see Polka-dot Loach tank mates.
How do you tell male and female Polka-dot Loaches apart?
Sexual dimorphism in Botia kubotai is subtle. Females grow rounder and noticeably fuller-bodied when mature, particularly when viewed from above; males stay slimmer and more torpedo-shaped. There are no reliable colour or fin differences. Outside of breeding condition, sexing is difficult even for experienced keepers — the most practical approach is to buy six or more from the same source and let the population sort itself naturally.
Can Polka-dot Loaches be bred in the aquarium?
Breeding Botia kubotai in captivity is rated very hard and has been achieved by only a small number of dedicated hobbyists. The species is thought to be a seasonal, migratory spawner triggered by monsoon conditions — temperature drops, increased flow, and shifting water chemistry. Attempts involve conditioning fish in a separate spawning tank and simulating these seasonal changes with cooler, softer water followed by a gradual return to warmer conditions and higher flow. Even then, successful spawning is rare and raising fry is difficult. This is not a species to pursue for breeding without significant prior loach-keeping experience.
What diseases are Polka-dot Loaches prone to?
Like all loaches, Botia kubotai is scaleless along much of its body, making it more sensitive to standard aquarium medications — particularly copper- or formalin-based treatments. Treatment is possible but requires reduced doses and careful monitoring. The most commonly encountered health issues are:
- White spot (ich) — triggered by temperature swings or poor water quality; stable warmth and clean water are the best prevention.
- Skinny disease / internal parasites — fish that eat well but lose condition may harbour internal worms; quarantine new fish before introduction.
- Bacterial infections — usually secondary to barbel damage from sharp substrate or wounds from tank-mate conflict; smooth sand and clean water prevent most cases.
- Lethargic hiding — often the first sign of water quality decline; test and improve water before assuming disease.
Health note: loaches are unusually sensitive to many standard aquarium medications — always use half the recommended dose initially when treating, and remove carbon from filtration. For diagnosis and dosing decisions, consult a reputable fish-health reference or aquatic veterinarian rather than relying on a care profile.
How long do Polka-dot Loaches live?
Given good care, polka-dot loaches live 8–12 years in the aquarium — an unusually long lifespan for a community fish of this size. A group purchased as juveniles is a commitment of a decade or more, but a well-maintained group develops strong individual personalities and social dynamics that deepen over the years. Consistent water quality, a varied diet, and appropriate social housing — five or more individuals with adequate space — are the three things that get them to the upper end of that range.
Frequently asked questions
Do polka-dot loaches eat snails?
Yes — like most Botia loaches they actively hunt and consume small snails, including pest species such as Malaysian trumpet snails and ramshorn snails. This makes them a popular biological control, though they will also eat valued snails given the chance.
How many polka-dot loaches should I keep together?
Keep a minimum of five — ideally six or more. They are social fish that establish a dominance hierarchy within the group, and a lone or paired specimen becomes stressed and may harass tank-mates instead. A larger group spreads social interaction across the shoal and produces far calmer, more natural behaviour.
What you need to keep a polka-dot loach
The baseline is a heated, filtered 120 L+ tank: a reliable heater to hold 24–28 °C (75–82 °F), a gentle filter that won't batter a polka-dot loach in the current, and a tight-fitting lid. Cycle the tank fully before adding any fish.
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