Photo: Emőke Dénes (CC BY-SA 4.0) — via Wikimedia Commons
Altifrons Geophagus (Geophagus altifrons)
A graceful South American eartheater that sifts sand all day — surprisingly peaceful for its size, and one of the hobby's most captivating mid-to-large cichlids.
Will it live with a Altifrons Geophagus?
We compare each fish against your altifrons geophagus on temperament, size, water parameters and swimming zone. Set your tank size and filter the results.
- Banjo Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 15 cm · Medium care · 20–26 °C (68–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–26 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Bristlenose Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Easy care · 23–30 °C (73–86 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–28 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Elephant-nose Knifefish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 35 cm · Hard care · 24–29 °C (75–84 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Marbled Hoplo✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 14 cm · Easy care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Medusa Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 26–30 °C (79–86 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Rubber Lip Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Easy care · 20–26 °C (68–79 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–26 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Snowball Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 16 cm · Medium care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–28 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Spotted Rubbernose Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 12 cm · Medium care · 20–26 °C (68–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Spotted Talking Catfish✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 15 cm · Easy care · 22–26 °C (72–79 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here; temperature, pH and hardness ranges all overlap and neither outsizes the other enough to be a threat.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Weather Loach✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 25 cm · Easy care · 5–24 °C (41–75 °F)
- Compatible on the things that matter: shared water near 24–24 °C, workable temperaments, and no predator-and-prey size gap.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Yellow-spotted Pleco✅ CompatiblePeaceful · 35 cm · Medium care · 24–27 °C (75–81 °F)
- Semi-aggressive + Peaceful, but with no direct clash here, and their water overlaps around 24–27 °C — no size, zone or temperament conflicts.
- Both favour the bottom of the tank — offer enough cover so they aren't always in each other's space.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Angelicus Synodontis⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 25 cm · Medium care · 23–27 °C (73–81 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Black Collared Catfish⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 27 cm · Hard care · 23–25 °C (73–77 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Black Collared Catfish can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Clown Loach⚠️ With cautionPeaceful · 30 cm · Medium care · 25–30 °C (77–86 °F)
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~400 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Galaxy Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 25 cm · Medium care · 22–26 °C (72–79 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Gold Nugget Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 28 cm · Hard care · 24–29 °C (75–84 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Gold Nugget Pleco can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Honeycomb Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 21 cm · Medium care · 24–29 °C (75–84 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Kissing Gourami⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 30 cm · Medium care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Kissing Gourami can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Leopard Cactus Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 30 cm · Hard care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Leopard Cactus Pleco can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~380 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Mango Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 28 cm · Hard care · 25–32 °C (77–90 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Peacock Eel⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 30 cm · Medium care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Peacock Eel can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Pearl Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 28 cm · Medium care · 22–28 °C (72–82 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Pearl Cichlid can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Severum⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 25 cm · Medium care · 23–30 °C (73–86 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Silver Cichlid⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 30 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Both are a bit pushy (semi-aggressive + semi-aggressive) — workable only in a larger tank with cover and broken sight lines.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Spotted Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 30 cm · Easy care · 18–26 °C (64–79 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Spotted Pleco can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Spotted Severum⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 25 cm · Medium care · 26–30 °C (79–86 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Spotted Severum can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Sunshine Pleco⚠️ With cautionSemi-aggressive · 30 cm · Hard care · 23–29 °C (73–84 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Sunshine Pleco can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~473 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Alligator Gar⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 250 cm · Hard care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Alligator Gar are both territorial and at least one is outright aggressive — expect serious fighting.
- Size gap is too large (250 vs 25 cm): Alligator Gar will treat Altifrons Geophagus as food.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~3785 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Clown Knifefish⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 90 cm · Hard care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Two assertive fish, one genuinely aggressive: Altifrons Geophagus and Clown Knifefish will hold territory and clash.
- Size gap is too large (90 vs 25 cm): Clown Knifefish will treat Altifrons Geophagus as food.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~750 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Fire Eel⛔ Not recommendedSemi-aggressive · 100 cm · Medium care · 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- Fire Eel (100 cm) is big enough to swallow the 25 cm Altifrons Geophagus whole.
- Altifrons Geophagus and Fire Eel can both be territorial; doable with space and dense planting, but watch for chasing.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~380 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Koi⛔ Not recommendedPeaceful · 90 cm · Medium care · 4–28 °C (39–82 °F)
- Koi (90 cm) is big enough to swallow the 25 cm Altifrons Geophagus whole.
- One likes softer water and the other harder (1–8 vs 9–18 dGH) — a compromise, not a perfect match.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~3800 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Redtail Catfish⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 120 cm · Hard care · 24–27 °C (75–81 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Redtail Catfish are both territorial and at least one is outright aggressive — expect serious fighting.
- Altifrons Geophagus is bite-sized to a 120 cm predatory redtail catfish — it will be eaten.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~5700 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Spotted Gar⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 90 cm · Hard care · 18–26 °C (64–79 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Spotted Gar are both territorial and at least one is outright aggressive — expect serious fighting.
- Size gap is too large (90 vs 25 cm): Spotted Gar will treat Altifrons Geophagus as food.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~600 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Wels Catfish⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 300 cm · Hard care · 15–25 °C (59–77 °F)
- Altifrons Geophagus and Wels Catfish are both territorial and at least one is outright aggressive — expect serious fighting.
- Size gap is too large (300 vs 25 cm): Wels Catfish will treat Altifrons Geophagus as food.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~20000 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
- Wolf Cichlid⛔ Not recommendedAggressive · 72 cm · Hard care · 24–30 °C (75–86 °F)
- Two assertive fish, one genuinely aggressive: Altifrons Geophagus and Wolf Cichlid will hold territory and clash.
- Altifrons Geophagus is bite-sized to a 72 cm predatory wolf cichlid — it will be eaten.
- Your 378 L tank is below the ~760 L this pairing really wants — crowding raises aggression.
- Keep Altifrons Geophagus in a shoal of 6+ or it gets stressed and nippy.
Compatibility is computed from each species' care data — a strong starting point, not a guarantee. Individual temperament varies, so always introduce new fish slowly and watch them.
Altifrons Geophagus care specs
- Care level
- Medium
- Breeding
- Hard
- Max size
- 25 cm (9.8 in)
- Min tank size
- 378 L (99.9 gal)
- Temperature
- 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- pH
- 5–7.5
- Hardness
- 1–8 dGH
- Lifespan
- 8–12 years
- Diet
- Omnivore
- Swim level
- Bottom
- Group size
- 6+ (shoaling)
- Family
- Cichlidae
- Origin
- South America — Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia)
What is an Altifrons Geophagus?
The Altifrons Geophagus (Geophagus altifrons) is one of the largest and most impressive members of the eartheater tribe — South American cichlids named for their constant habit of scooping mouthfuls of substrate in search of invertebrates and organic matter. Adults reach up to 25 cm (10 in) in the aquarium, carrying a deep, laterally compressed body decorated with iridescent blue-green spangling over a warm olive-gold base. The species name altifrons means “high forehead,” a nod to the steep cranial profile that becomes especially pronounced in dominant males as they develop a fleshy nuchal hump with age.
Despite belonging to the cichlid family — a group known for feisty personalities — G. altifrons is surprisingly measured in temperament. It is a social, group-living fish that establishes hierarchy through display rather than sustained violence, and it spends the majority of its time calmly working the bottom of the tank. For experienced fishkeepers with the space to do the species justice, it offers a combination of natural behaviour, long lifespan, and sheer visual impact that few other freshwater fish can match.
Where do Altifrons Geophagus come from in the wild?
Geophagus altifrons is native to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, ranging across Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia. In the wild it inhabits large, slow-moving rivers and associated floodplain areas — environments characterised by warm, soft, and typically tea-coloured, acidic water. The substrate is almost always fine sand or silt, exactly the material these fish evolved to sift. Light penetration is often limited by tannins leaching from decomposing leaf litter, and submerged root structures and driftwood provide the only real cover.
Understanding this origin shapes every aspect of good husbandry: these fish are accustomed to very soft, low-mineral water, minimal current, and a substrate that offers no resistance to their feeding apparatus.
What size tank do Altifrons Geophagus need, and how should it be set up?
A group of six — the minimum recommended number — requires at least 378 litres (100 gallons), and tank footprint matters more than depth. These are bottom-oriented fish that need horizontal space to spread out comfortably and reduce hierarchy-driven friction. A tank measuring 180 cm (72 in) or longer is strongly preferred.
Substrate is the single most critical setup detail. Fine, smooth, inert sand at least 5 cm (2 in) deep is non-negotiable. These fish sift constantly; without appropriate sand they are denied their natural feeding behaviour and will show chronic stress. Coarse gravel can lacerate gill rakers and must be avoided.
For decoration, use large pieces of driftwood and flat rocks to create visual breaks and resting areas, arranged to allow multiple fish to be out of sight of one another simultaneously. Rooted plants are generally impractical — the relentless substrate disturbance uproots most species — but floating plants such as water lettuce or Amazon frogbit are excellent additions that diffuse light, absorb nutrients, and require no planting.
Filtration must be robust. A high-quality external canister filter rated for at least twice the tank volume per hour is a sensible starting point; the constant sediment disturbance means mechanical filtration needs regular rinsing. Weekly water changes of 40–50 % are standard practice among keepers of large eartheaters and are essential for long-term health.
What water parameters do Altifrons Geophagus need?
- Temperature: 24–28 °C (75–82 °F)
- pH: 5.0–7.5; they are most comfortable in the softer, more acidic end of this range
- Hardness: 1–8 dGH
Matching the Amazon/Orinoco chemistry as closely as practical is worthwhile, especially for breeding attempts. Aim for pH 6.0–7.0 and hardness under 6 dGH for everyday maintenance. Adding driftwood or Indian almond leaves will gently acidify and stain the water, which is beneficial and also appreciated aesthetically by many keepers. Stability is paramount — avoid sudden pH swings, which stress fish and can trigger disease outbreaks. Keep ammonia and nitrite at zero and nitrate as low as regular water changes allow.
What do Altifrons Geophagus eat?
G. altifrons is an omnivore built to extract nutrition from whatever the substrate yields — small invertebrates, plant matter, biofilm, and organic detritus. In captivity, feed a varied, high-quality diet that includes:
- Sinking pellets or wafers as the daily staple — choose a quality cichlid or omnivore formula
- Frozen or live foods such as bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and earthworm pieces, offered several times per week
- Occasional vegetable matter — blanched spinach, zucchini, or spirulina-based foods round out the diet
Because they are bottom-feeders, ensure food reaches the substrate before more active mid-water fish consume it. Sinking wafers and heavier pellets work better than floating food. Feed modest amounts once or twice daily; these fish are not dramatic overeaters, but a fouled substrate in a tank with constant stirring creates water-quality problems quickly.
How do Altifrons Geophagus behave, and what fish make good tank mates?
Altifrons Geophagus are semi-aggressive in the specific sense that they establish and defend a social hierarchy within their own group, but they are generally non-confrontational toward fish that do not challenge them or fit in their mouth. A group of six or more distributes any hierarchy-based chasing across multiple fish, preventing a single individual from being targeted persistently.
The key compatibility considerations are size and water layer. Any fish small enough to be swallowed — roughly under 5–6 cm (2 in) as adults — is at risk not from predatory intent but simply from the eartheater’s large mouth. Suitable companions include:
- Large, robust characins such as silver dollars or larger severum-sized cichlids
- Peaceful large plecos (royal plecos, sailfin plecos) that occupy the same bottom zone without competing aggressively
- Mid-water schooling fish of at least 5–7 cm that can comfortably coexist — larger Congo tetras, bala sharks, or tinfoil barbs in appropriately sized tanks
Avoid small, delicate fish, and avoid confirmed fin-nippers that will harass the eartheater’s extended finnage. For a full breakdown of tested pairings, see Altifrons Geophagus tank mates.
How do you tell male from female Altifrons Geophagus apart?
Sexual dimorphism in G. altifrons is real but becomes clearer only as the fish mature. Males are noticeably larger at equivalent ages and develop a fleshy nuchal hump on the forehead — sometimes dramatically so in dominant, well-fed males. Their overall body profile is blockier across the head and shoulders. Females remain slightly smaller and display a visibly rounder, fuller abdomen when gravid (carrying eggs), which is often the most reliable indicator in a group setting. Colour intensity in males may also intensify during display and breeding condition, though both sexes share the species’ characteristic iridescent spangling.
In juvenile fish below roughly 10–12 cm (4–5 in), reliable sexing is difficult without close comparison within the group.
How difficult is it to breed Altifrons Geophagus?
Breeding G. altifrons is rated hard and is not a beginner undertaking. These are substrate-spawning mouthbrooders: the female picks up fertilised eggs after spawning and incubates them in her buccal cavity for several weeks until the fry are free-swimming. The male plays little to no role in direct fry care.
Triggering spawning typically requires replicating dry-season conditions — a gradual lowering of temperature toward the lower end of the range (around 24 °C / 75 °F), slight reduction in water hardness, and more frequent water changes using slightly cooler water. The pair should be conditioned on high-quality live and frozen foods in the weeks prior.
After spawning, the brooding female will eat little or nothing and may be harassed by other group members. Having a separate, similarly-conditioned holding tank allows her to complete the brooding period undisturbed if the group dynamic becomes problematic. Fry, once released, can initially accept baby brine shrimp and microworms. Raising them to juvenile size requires pristine water and regular small feedings.
What diseases are common in Altifrons Geophagus?
Large, soft-water cichlids kept in suboptimal conditions are susceptible to a predictable set of problems:
- Hole-in-the-head (HITH) / Head and lateral line erosion (HLLE): Pitting and erosion around the head and lateral line — strongly associated with poor water quality, high nitrates, and nutritional deficiency. The primary prevention is rigorous water maintenance and a varied, vitamin-rich diet.
- Ich (white spot): Fine white spots across the body, typically triggered by temperature drops or stress during transport and acclimatisation. Preventable through stable temperatures and proper quarantine of new fish.
- Bacterial infections and fin deterioration: Often secondary to physical damage from conspecific aggression or stress from inadequate group size. Ensuring a group of at least six and providing adequate space and hiding spots significantly reduces incidence.
- Internal parasites: Fish sourced from wild-caught stock may arrive with intestinal parasites; quarantine and observation are the primary control measure before introducing new fish to an established tank.
Health note: prevention through water quality, appropriate diet, and correct stocking is far more effective than any treatment. For sick fish, identify symptoms carefully against a reputable fish-health reference before taking any action.
How long do Altifrons Geophagus live?
With good husbandry, G. altifrons lives 8–12 years in captivity — an unusually long lifespan for a freshwater aquarium fish, and a reminder that acquiring a group of six is a decade-long commitment. The species rewards the investment: an established colony in a large, well-maintained setup displays a full range of social behaviour and keeps its striking colouration throughout adult life. Provide stable water chemistry, a varied diet, and enough space for the group to settle into a relaxed hierarchy, and these fish will remain as impressive at year ten as they were the day they arrived.
Frequently asked questions
Does the Altifrons Geophagus need sand?
Yes — sand is non-negotiable. These fish instinctively scoop mouthfuls of substrate to sift for food, then expel the sand through their gills. Gravel or coarse substrate cannot be sifted and will damage their gill rakers over time. Use a fine, smooth sand at least 5 cm deep.
Can Altifrons Geophagus be kept with smaller fish?
With caution. They are not intentionally predatory, but at 25 cm they will swallow anything that fits in their mouth. Suitable companions must be large enough not to be eaten — robust tetras 5 cm and above, larger plecos, and similarly sized peaceful cichlids all work well.
What you need to keep a altifrons geophagus
The baseline is a heated, filtered 378 L+ tank: a reliable heater to hold 24–28 °C (75–82 °F), a gentle filter that won't batter a altifrons geophagus in the current, and a tight-fitting lid. Cycle the tank fully before adding any fish.
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